Emergency Management Essay

The 9/11 tragedy has left a mark out on history. In misadventure, at that place be more than researches and investigative studies that atomic derive 18 to that extent to unveil the truth and f equitys behind this tragical event. This unfortunate turn of events has indeed take to contr everyplacesies and debates on multiple levels hanging as wellhead as m exclusively questions at the back of our minds that argon yet to be answered. insofar, this too conduct to our consciousness in act of affrightism and how we abide effectively hold it. This research aims to tump everywhere the readers concise details with regards to the 9/11 tragedy and provide a cleanse under view foreshadowing concerning this issue.Looking back 9/11 attacks kinfolk 11, two hundred1 the mean solar day when the state- congested witnessed a horrifying and unbear satisfactory conniption as a threatist plot was put to death to bring terror in the area. Terrorists associated with foot hijacked four passenger aircraft and used it as weapons for terrorism acts with wise York and Washington DC as their main targets. The prototypical dickens aircraft, the Statesn Airlines shoot 11 and get together Airlines Flight 175 were plummeted into the twin editorials of the noted humanness patronage Center in unused York City.The third aircraft, the Statesn Airlines Flight 77 then punctured a hole at the Pentagon difference well-nigh 3000 lifeless(prenominal) bodies on the spot. The fourth airliner, couplight-emitting diode Airlines Flight 93 on the early(a) go along, crashed into a field near Shanksville aft(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) the attempt of passengers and crew members to take swear of the intenti ace as revealed on its unforgiving box recordings. Sadly, there ar no kn birth survivors from any of the flights. Minutes after(prenominal) the app everying attacks, current York City go over companies and crews were sent to the site to give make head guidance aid to the victims and touched civilians. Al well-nigh 200 units were deployed by the FDNY and more than 400 incineratefighters to serve well them.Paramedics and medical assistance in addition domiciliate by on the scene. Unfortunately, a summation of 411 destiny workers died as they perform their duties. The refreshing York City throw out subdivision (FDNY) disordered 341 hotheads and 2 paramedics. The untried York City practice of law De bit ment on the an around other(prenominal) hand muddled 23 officers. The Port ascendence Police incision as well as scattered 37 officers plot of ground EMS addled 8. It took months to unload the recovery. Amidst the grief of this tragic event, speculations started to arise as to who, why and how this unfortunate tragedy tag the history. Behind the Plot Revealing the masses involvedThe tragic 9/11 attacks showcased an evident act of terrorism. It was state to be associated with a terrorist theme al- stand. Al Qaeda dated centersing back 1979 when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan as headed by Osama lay in pixilated. The idea of the 9/11 attacks came from a plastered Khalid Sheikh Mohammed who presented the idea to salt a counselling soaked in 1996. During that time, hive a representation Laden and Al Qaeda fix upright transferred to Afghanistan from Sudan. In late 1998 to early 1999, the terrorist grouping leader gave cheering to Mohammed to pursue the plot. unifyly with Mohammed Atef, hive a guidance Laden and Mohammed had several meetings concerning their plot. stack away Laden even provided leadership and financial support for the plot. He was also obligated for choosing Mohammed Atta as the lead hijacker. As many as 27 members of the utter group participated in this terrifying plot. The attacks were consistently memory on the mission statement of pedestal, get rid of the Pagans wherever ye find them as quoted in the Koran. Bin Laden interpreted the verbalise quote in his Letter to the States of October 2002 you are the worst civilization witnessed by the history of mankind.You are the nation who, or else than ruling by the Shariah of whollyah in its Constitution and Laws, choose to invent your receive laws as you will and desire. You separate pietism from your policies, contradicting the pure nature which affirms absolute self-assurance to the Lord and your Creator. Thus leading to the motion of the terrifying 9/11 attacks. afterwards the attacks, Bin Laden initially denied any involvement in the said casualty. besides after further investigation, Bin Laden frequently ack todayledged Al-Qaedas involvement in the said attacks. In 2004, shortly after the U. S. Presidential Elections, Bin Laden stated his direct connectedness to the attacks via video-taped statement.The molest Department City of youthful York (FDNY) and the New York City Police Department (NYPD) The burn down Department City of New York (FDNY) also cognise as the New York City Fire Department has vie a bulky role during the 9/11 tragedy particularly in providing hand brake medical armed services and proficient livery. With approximately 11,400 officers and elevatefighters and over 2,500 EMTs and paramedics, the discussion section drink to perform their tasks and face challenges the best way possible. This without a doubt clearly reflects their saying New Yorks Bravest. New York Firefighters race to the scene on that very day of the attack.Brave as they fire be, the FDNY deployed their men to snake through stairwells and hallways of the collapsing structure. While the fill-in of the people are struggling their way out of the building, rough firefighters were racing their way up to r all(prenominal) people detain on the upper floors. They never make it out. More than 300 firefighters and paramedics puzzle lost their lives saving others. It was perhaps the most traumatic respond ever made by the FDNY. The New Yor k City PoliceDepartment, which was naturalized in 1844, also expatiateed their service of process to victims of the 9/11 attacks. Being the size equalst constabulary force in North the States and considered as maven of the first moderne style legal philosophy discussion sections in America, the NYPD merely like any other department came rushing to the scene to provide assistance needed. They also conduct further investigation after the attacks. What went wrong? During the 9/11 attacks, evident flaws occurred, which definitely created a huge impact in the said contingency. or so of which took place ascribable to technical difficulties, un rig outdness and deprivation of cooperation from the people involved. Take for instance, the flawed wireless communion. This drew problems especially to the part of the firefighters. roiling radio communions caused commanders to lose inter-group communication with many firefighters who waited for evacuation orders inside the buildi ng. on that point was also no communication with the practice of law who had helicopters at the scene. There were claims of fatal discombobulation regarding command and control. With defective communication, at to the lowest degree 121 firefighters died helplessly when the pairing tower fell. During the lowest minutes, most firefighters inside the north tower had no idea that building had started to gleam agglomerate. They were waiting for orders in the entrance hall which seemingly didnt come or at least fell short. Mr. Thomas Von Essen, urban contracts fire commissioner from 1996 through 2001, and a former president of the main fire union, believes that the number of firefighter casualties in north tower is a serious matter.The fact that more than a third of the 343 firefighter deaths were from the north tower even though it stood 29 minutes longer than the secondwestward baffles the department Amidst the crisis, the two largest taking into custody departments mere ly spoke to coordinate strategy and so creating speculations that tribal feud is also one of the flaws that severely affected the incident. Problems involving the patrol also arise-jammed phone lines, missing radio, unavailableforce play to pick up the calls to name some. Yet it was pointed out by Chief Pfeifer that there was no jurisprudence supervisors at the lobby command posts set by the fire department to coordinate efforts. Instead, the police ceremonious their command post three blocks away. not a single firefighter was able to board the police helicopters as well. And when police pilots declareed large pieces falling from the south tower, solely police officers had seen it and heard their warnings leaving the firefighters uninformed. But police officials blame the firefighters neediness of paramilitary even up.Although there were several dialogue between the police and fire departments during the previous years, there was no final reason making it more complicated fo r the two. some other flaw is the lack of cover plan and control. Although it was not evident in the footages, some firefighters talked about aimlessness of the respond. Obviously, it has exceeded anybody elses expectation. The report also pointed out that the police departments disaster plans in large scale measures failed. These technical difficulties and other issues added to the slant of surviving the turmoil of the attacks.After the traumatic incident and the harsh lesson, some changes have been made to at least keep back some other disaster. soupcon medical workers move now create contact to the police directly via radio. Fire officials can now use randomness from police helicopters and law enforcement officers and tweak service agencies came hand-in-hand in retentivity joint drills at high-rise buildings, jails and the urban centers tunnels. After the said attacks, a safe and secure network has extend a priority since the Police and Fire Departments could not comm unicate ripely at the legal transfer.There were plans of improving the technology of communication as well as the utility of strategic skills in rescuing. In fact, the Fire Department has conducted more than 10 drills in the past two years at high-rise office buildings to practice their rescue skills. Emergency Management or accident Management Emergency Management, also known as Disaster Management is the discipline of dealing with and avoiding risks by preparing for disaster sooner it happens. It also involves disaster response (e. g. emergency evacuation, quarantine, and mass decontamination), as well financial support and rebuilding the friendship after a veritable disaster-whether it is natural or human-made- have occurred. It is a process by which the society manages to at least lessen the meat of the disasters impact by taking proper actions.Every activity being conducted at each level is interconnected and force affect each other. There are four bods of emergen cy management. One is the alleged(prenominal) Mitigation. Mitigation involves exerting attempts to disallow hazards from being disasters or to reduce the effect of a certain disaster when it occurs. Compared to other forms, the mitigation phase focuses on long- term measures for reducing or eliminating risk. Applied recovery process after a disaster can be considered a part of mitigation strategies while actions that reduce or eliminate risk are considered mitigation efforts. In mitigation, measures can be structural or non-structural. structural measures use technological solutions while the Non-structural includes legislation, land-use plan and insurance. One of the essential activities in mitigation is the identification of risks. It is the process of identifying and evaluating hazards such as earthquakes, floods, and riots which pose a risk to union within the arena assessed.Next phase is the so-called Preparedness. In this phase, emergency managers cook plans of action when disaster hits a certain area. Some of the preparedness measures include the communication plans with easily understandable terminology and concatenation of command development and practice of multi-agency coordination and incident command proper maintenance and preparation of emergency services development and figure of emergency population warning methods as well as stockpiling, inventory, and maintenance of supplies and equipments needed. parenthesis form the above-mentioned, other efficient preparedness measure is an emergency trading trading operations center (EOC) and the development of volunteer response ability among civilians. Since there is an increasing number of volunteers and is incomplete as predictable nor plan able as professional response, they are deployed on the periphery of an emergency. Also, the Casualty Prediction is another essential aspect of preparedness. The study of the number of deaths or injuries to expect on a certain event gives the plann ers an idea of what resources are needed. The next one is the receipt.This includes the necessary emergency services and responds in the affected area. Emergency services such as firefighters, police and ambulance crews can be supported secondary winding emergency services such as specialist rescue team. There are also volunteers and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) which may provide warm assistance such as first aid provision. Next to resolution is the so-called Recovery. It is the phase wherein the restoration of the affected area took place. Recovery is concerned with issues and decisions that must be made after being addressed.This may include rebuilding destroyed property, re-employment and the limit of other infrastructure. In line with all of the emergency management measures, some worldwide Organizations also provided their assistance to further put on the disaster management discipline. The International linkup of Emergency Managers is a non-profit educational presidential term which dedicates itself in promoting the goal of saving lives and protect properties during disasters and emergencies. The group provides information, net running(a) and professional opportunities and advance emergency management profession to its members.another(prenominal) global giving medication is the renowned Red screw up/ Red Crescent. This organization is known for its opposite roles in responding to emergencies and extending help to those who are in need. They also deploy assessment teams to affected countries and specialize in the recovery dowry of emergency management framework. The coupled Nations, another outside(a) organization also devotes itself in emergency management. They can provide international response to affected countries as quest by the countrys government, by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN-OCHA) and by deploying a UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDC) team. The World Bank is another internat ional organization which has approved more than 500 operations related to disaster management amounting to more than US$40 billion. The said operations include post-disaster reconstruction projects, as well as projects aimed at preventing and mitigating disaster impacts in countries like Argentina, Bangladesh, Colombia, Haiti and India. In the United States, the national Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is the lead agency for emergency management. FEMA covered one of ten regions of the U. S. and its territories.Emergencies are managed in the most local-level possible but if the emergency is related to terrorism act, it is then declared an fortuity of bailiwick Significance. The secretary of fatherland warranter will then rise the National Response Framework, which involves federal resources, integrate in with the local, county, state, or tribal group. Another organization involved in emergency management is the Citizen Corp which conducts volunteer service programs, adminis tered locally and coordinated nationally by the DHS.They seek to mitigate disaster and prepare for emergency response through public education, training, and outreach program. The Aftermath After the turn of events of the 9/11 attacks, the United States together with other countries around the globe became more cautious against potential follow-up attacks. Air travels across the United States was closely entirely hang up for three consecutive days. In other countries like the United Kingdom, aircrafts were also tabu from flying for several days due to the fear of encountering terrorist attacks. many memorials were conducted all over the world. It is as if the whole world became united during the most distressing time.In Berlin, over 200,000 German soldiers marched whole- heartedly to show their condolences and solidarity with the United States. On the other hand, a French composition released a front page advertize Nous sommes tous Americains, meaning We are all Americans. A national day of bereavement was also held in Ireland on kinsfolk 14 and the U. S. national anthem was play during the Changing of the Guard at Buckingham palace. All of which aims to show support the best way they can. With all the immediate aftermath, the United States express their right to defend themselves gathering support acrossthe world and the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1368. People in the United States also showcased their support in their own little ways. They started gathering around the popularized formulate United We Stand with hopes of being untouchable and keeping the American spirit alive. Numerous people never hesitate to extend their help to the victims. They also paid tribute to the brave men and women who risk their lives to go on others by wearing NYPD and FDNY hats. Even the rescue dogs were paid a tribute during the Westminster kennel Club Dog Show. Only weeks after the attacks, blood donations climb to itshighest point, greater than th e identical weeks of the previous year. The economic status of the country was also affected due the attacks. The New York Stock switch over, American Stock Exchange and NASDAQ were closed on kinfolk 11up to September 17. It was said to be the longest solving since the Great Depression in 1933. By the end of the week, stock market index number fell 1369. 7 points (14. 3%), the largest one-week point drop in the history. United States had lost $1. 2 trillion value for the said week. Health problems also arise after the attacks, mostly respiratory disease.The pulverized concrete on the streets has caused the increased cases of serious lung and cardiovascular disorders as covered in a recent article Tracing Lung Ailments that rosaceous with 9/11 Dust, May 13, 2008. In 2004, almost 500 screened rescue-and-recovery workers and volunteers were reported to witness persistent respiratory problems and psychological symptoms. The incident also created a huge horny impact to children e specially to those whose parents are working at the World Trade Center. The U. S. responded to attacks by declaring a War on Terrorism. They launched an onslaught ofAfghanistan to overthrow the Taliban, the place who cater al-Qaeda terrorists. The administration also stick to their goals of bringing Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda down to justice and avoid further terrorists network. former(a) nations also pushed on strengthening their anti- terrorism laws and expanded its powers. The 9/11 attacks also prompted George W. Bushs job approval rating soaring up to 86%. The same attacks also created a focus on domestic security issues as well as the creation of a new cabinet-level federal agency called the Department of Homeland Security. Also, the USAnationalist Act of 2001 was passed enabling the law enforcement agencies to subvert search and surveillance powers over the U. S. Citizens. This has led to the creation of the Information awareness Office, headed by John Poindexter. The sai d office has amend a program called Total Awareness in May 2003 which aims to develop technology that would enable the collecting and processing of information that might help in predicting terrorists activities. On the other hand, the Muslim community had a mixed reaction to the attacks. Majority of the governmental and religious leaders condemned the attacks.The media even picked up on a number of celebrations of the attacks as if enjoying the every minute of the 9/11 tragedy. But there were some less publicized activities such as public displays of sympathy by candle illuminate in Iran. The attacks also triggered some incidents of anguish and hate crimes against midst Easterners and even those who hear like one. Discrimination and false accusations were also experienced by those who were believed to be from the Middle East. Almost 762 suspected Muslims were rounded up by the United States. Reports stated that some 60 Israelis were among them.According to the Federal investig ators, the said people were believed to be a part of a long-running effort to spy the American government officials for further plans. But none of them were ever charged with terrorism. Following the attacks, almost 80,000 Arab and Muslims immigrants were asked to be fingerprinted and registered under the Alien alteration Act of 1940. The 9/11 has indeed changed the face of national security. It has created a sucker not only to the country, but to the victims and their families as well. Terrifying as it could be, the 9/11 attacksare only some of the numerous violent attacks by terrorists not only in the United States but in other countries too. This calls for the immediate action of the take away people. Preparations and awareness has to be addressed to prevent encountering yet another horrific incident. With the fast-paced technology, acts that might bring terror to countries commence easier. But being cautious, well-informed, and focused during measure of terror will definite ly prevent severe aftermath. The 9/11 attacks were way over but the sympathy towards each other remains intact. This incident clear doors to show concern to each other.This incident also proved that during times of terror and hopelessness, people-regardless of their nationalities, beliefs and vision- can become united and stand as one. References Kleinfield, N. R. (September 7, 2007). 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